Last updated: 4 October 2026.
Quick answer. Building window hardware in China is governed mainly by one general-requirements standard, GB/T 32223-2025, effective 1 November 2025, plus GB/T 24601-2024 for tilt-turn window hardware systems. The terms buyers actually use — 执手, 滑撑, 撑挡, 窗锁 — return zero records in the national register, so those items must be specified by drawing.
The Chinese standard register for window hardware: what the number for building window and door hardware covers, and why handles, stays and window locks return nothing.
Every standard number, title, status and date below was read from the National Standards Information Public Service Platform, operated under China's State Administration for Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration of China. That platform is a Chinese-language registry; the English titles here are this page's own translation of the official Chinese titles, and the Chinese original governs. No standard's technical content is reproduced on this page — what follows is the register: which standards exist, what each covers by its official title, whether it is in force, and when it took effect. The platform was queried on 4 October 2026 and is listed at the end.
Scope note. This page covers window hardware. The door side of the same family is on door hardware, where the ANSI/BHMA and UL references a North American buyer expects are set out. The two pages are deliberately separated, because the Chinese register treats them together in one document while the buying conversation rarely does.
A foreign buyer specifying window hardware from China meets two problems at once. The first is that the standards a Chinese fabricator works to are Chinese, while the words the buyer knows — handle, hinge, friction stay, espagnolette, restrictor — are sometimes called something else and sometimes governed by a document whose official title names a window system rather than a fitting. The second is that China's register of national standards is public and searchable, and it tells you what a standard is, not what it requires.
This page is about the first problem. It maps the register. It does not pretend to be the second, and it says so again at the end.
Two companion pages on this site cover adjacent ground: how China's national standards are organised explains the difference between the mandatory GB, the recommended GB/T and the guiding GB/Z, which is the distinction this page leans on throughout; and material selection and certificates covers the acceptance documents a supplier is asked for.
Why the window-hardware question is worth a page of its own. For most hardware categories the register offers a product standard per item. For window hardware it offers almost the opposite: one general-requirements document covering the whole fitting family, one document naming a complete window hardware system, and a set of performance standards the window has to meet once the hardware is on it. A buyer who asks for "the Chinese standard for window handles" is asking for something the register does not hold — and the useful move is to know that before the quotation arrives, not after.
The platform's title search was queried on 4 October 2026 for each Chinese term below. Unless stated otherwise, each figure is the number of records whose official title contains that term, split by the status the register reports for it.
| Chinese term searched | English gloss | Records reported | Distinct codes retrieved | In force | Superseded / withdrawn | Published, not yet effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 建筑门窗五金件 | building window-and-door hardware | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 门窗五金件 | window-and-door hardware | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 建筑五金 | building hardware | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| 合页 | butt hinge | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 铰链 | hinge | 9 | 9 | 7 | 2 | 0 |
| 门窗 | windows and doors | 52 | 52 | 38 | 11 | 3 |
| 建筑门窗 | building windows and doors | 33 | 33 | 24 | 7 | 2 |
| 窗用 | for windows | 18 | 18 | 9 | 7 | 2 |
| 执手 | handle / espagnolette handle | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 滑撑 | friction stay | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 撑挡 | stay / restrictor | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 窗锁 | window lock | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Read that table with three warnings attached.
Searched on 4 October 2026, four of the terms a buyer is most likely to use returned zero records each — no national-standard record whose official title contains the term:
| Term searched | English gloss | Records |
|---|---|---|
| 执手 | window / door handle, espagnolette handle | 0 |
| 滑撑 | friction stay | 0 |
| 撑挡 | stay / restrictor | 0 |
| 窗锁 | window lock | 0 |
What that does and does not mean. It does mean the register holds no ready-made national-standard number to write next to "handle", "friction stay" or "window lock" on a purchase specification. It does not mean those products are unregulated, unavailable or unengineered in China — it means that in the national register, their titles are not how the subject is indexed. The practical consequence is the same as for any other zero result: a specification for those items has to carry the drawing, the material and the test method, because there is no standard number to lean on. How to build that package is covered on quality control and inspection.
The contrast with the next section is what makes the zero rows meaningful: the register is not empty in this space. It is organised differently from the way the parts are bought.
Everything that governs window hardware as hardware sits in a very small set.
| Standard | Official title (this page's translation) | Nature | Status | Published | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 32223-2025 | Building window-and-door hardware — general requirements | Recommended | In force | 2025-04-25 | 2025-11-01 |
| GB/T 32223-2015 | Building window-and-door hardware — general requirements | Recommended | Superseded | 2015-12-10 | 2016-11-01 |
| GB/T 24601-2024 | Hardware systems for inward-opening tilt-turn windows in buildings | Recommended | In force | 2024-08-23 | 2025-03-01 |
| GB/T 24601-2009 | Hardware systems for inward-opening tilt-turn windows | Recommended | Superseded | 2009-11-15 | 2010-06-01 |
| GB/T 7276-1987 | Butt hinges — general technical conditions | Recommended | In force | 1987-02-19 | 1987-10-01 |
Four things a buyer can read off that table:
One asymmetry is worth flagging because it trips people up at quotation stage: the register holds a general-requirements document for the fitting family (五金件) and a system document for tilt-turn windows, but no per-fitting documents for the fittings themselves. That is the reason the four terms in the previous section return zero.
The obvious translation of "hinge" is 铰链. Searched on 4 October 2026 it returned 9 records. Not one of them governs a building window hinge, and the list is worth reading in full because it is the clearest illustration of how a title search can mislead:
| Standard | Official title (this page's translation) | Nature | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 46146-2025 | Furniture hardware — strength and durability of hinges and their components; hinges rotating about a vertical axis | Recommended | In force, effective 2026-03-01 |
| GB/T 33572-2017 | Manually hinged watertight pressure doors | Recommended | In force |
| GB/T 31844-2015 | Electrical and electronic equipment cabinets — hinges | Recommended | In force |
| GB/T 17889.4-2024 | Ladders — Part 4: hinged ladders | Recommended | In force |
| GB/T 41840-2022 | Lower-limb orthosis components — polyurethane elastic ankle hinges | Recommended | In force |
| GB/T 38127-2019 | Hinged and flexible cable management systems for cable guidance | Recommended | In force |
| GB/T 38614-2020 | Measurement method for nano-positioning and scanning stages based on flexure hinges and piezoelectric actuators | Recommended | In force |
| GB 15086-1994 | Automotive door locks and door hinges — performance requirements and test methods | Mandatory | Withdrawn |
| GB/T 17889.4-2012 | Ladders — Part 4: ladders with one or more hinges | Recommended | Superseded |
What a buyer should take from that table. The Chinese term for a hinge does not route to building hardware: it routes to furniture, cabinets, ladders, watertight doors, orthoses, cable management and automotive. The building-window hinge in the Chinese register is reached through 合页 (butt hinge, GB/T 7276-1987) and through the general-requirements document above — not through 铰链. A supplier who answers a window-hinge question with a 铰链 standard number is answering a different question, and the only way to see that is to read the official title.
Note the two mandatory records on that list: both are withdrawn, and one of them is about cars. This page states no conclusion about what is mandatory in the wider window-hardware space beyond the records retrieved here.
Window hardware is sold as a component but approved as part of a window. These are the family members that set what the assembled window must do — the documents a fabricator's test report will cite instead of a hardware standard.
| Standard | Official title (this page's translation) | Status | Published | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 7106-2019 | Test methods for air permeability, water tightness and wind-load resistance of building exterior windows and doors | In force | 2019-12-10 | 2020-11-01 |
| GB/T 8484-2020 | Test method for thermal insulation performance of building exterior windows and doors | In force | 2020-04-28 | 2021-03-01 |
| GB/T 8485-2008 | Classification and test method for airborne sound insulation of building windows and doors | In force | 2008-07-30 | 2009-03-01 |
| GB/T 29737-2013 | Classification and test method for sand-dust resistance of building windows and doors | In force | 2013-09-18 | 2014-06-01 |
| GB/T 38252-2019 | Test method for fire integrity of building windows and doors | In force | 2019-12-10 | 2020-11-01 |
| GB/T 41504-2022 | Test method for resistance to abnormal opening of building exterior windows, doors and shutters | In force | 2022-04-15 | 2022-11-01 |
| GB/T 39524-2020 | Test method for weathering performance of building windows and doors | In force | 2020-12-14 | 2021-11-01 |
| GB/T 29908-2013 | Classification and test method for blast-wave resistance of glass curtain walls and windows and doors | In force | 2013-11-27 | 2014-08-01 |
| GB/T 29738-2013 | Classification and test method for wind-borne debris impact resistance of building curtain walls and windows and doors | In force | 2013-09-18 | 2014-06-01 |
| GB/T 9158-2015 | Test method for mechanical performance of building windows and doors | In force | 2015-10-09 | 2016-09-01 |
| GB/T 29739-2013 | Test method for repeated opening-and-closing durability of windows and doors | In force | 2013-09-18 | 2014-06-01 |
Three of these matter disproportionately to a hardware buyer, and it is worth saying why rather than leaving it to a keyword match:
The register indexes windows by the material they are made of, and each has its own document. This is the set a hardware specification sits under, and the reason a hardware drawing has to say which window it is going into.
| Standard | Official title (this page's translation) | Status | Published | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 8478-2020 | Aluminium alloy windows and doors | In force | 2020-03-31 | 2021-02-01 |
| GB/T 28886-2023 | Plastic windows and doors for buildings | In force | 2023-12-28 | 2024-07-01 |
| GB/T 20909-2017 | Steel windows and doors | In force | 2017-10-14 | 2018-05-01 |
| GB/T 29498-2024 | Timber windows and doors — general technical requirements | In force | 2024-10-26 | 2025-05-01 |
| GB/T 39529-2020 | System windows — general technical conditions | In force | 2020-12-14 | 2021-11-01 |
Alongside them sit the framing standards that fix what a window is and how big it is: GB/T 5823-2008 (building windows and doors — terminology) and GB/T 5824-2021 (dimensional series for openings in building windows and doors), with GB/T 30591-2014 coordinating opening sizes and GB/T 31433-2015 setting general technical conditions for curtain walls and windows and doors. Earlier editions recorded as superseded in the same search number six — GB/T 8478-2008, GB/T 20909-2007, GB/T 29498-2013, GB/T 5823-1986, GB/T 5824-2008 and GB/T 5824-1986.
Read the mixing parts carefully. The register does not hold a single window standard; it holds one per framing material, plus a separate document for "system windows" — the Chinese category for a window sold as a coordinated system rather than a set of parts. A hardware supplier who is not told which of those five the project is on cannot pick the right companion document, which is why the window type belongs in the enquiry.
Two sub-registers sit next to window hardware, and both contain the pattern that most often causes a specification to cite an out-of-date or not-yet-valid number.
| Standard | Official title (this page's translation) | Status | Published | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 24498-2025 | Sealing rubber strips for building windows, doors and curtain walls | In force | 2025-01-24 | 2025-08-01 |
| GB/T 24498-2009 | Sealing rubber strips for building windows, doors and curtain walls | Superseded | 2009-10-30 | 2010-04-01 |
| GB/T 12002-1989 | Sealing strips for plastic windows and doors | In force | 1989-12-25 | 1990-11-01 |
| GB/T 12002-2026 | Sealing strips for plastic windows and doors | Published, not yet effective | 2026-05-25 | 2026-12-01 |
| GB/T 8814-2017 | Unplasticised PVC (PVC-U) profiles for windows and doors | In force | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 |
| GB/T 8814-2026 | Unplasticised PVC (PVC-U) profiles for windows and doors | Published, not yet effective | 2026-07-30 | 2027-02-01 |
| GB/T 8814-2004 | Unplasticised PVC (PVC-U) profiles for windows and doors | Superseded | 2004-03-15 | 2004-10-01 |
| GB/T 33284-2016 | Interior decoration materials — hazardous-substance limits for PVC-U profiles for windows and doors | In force | 2016-12-13 | 2017-07-01 |
| GB/T 11793-2008 | Test methods for mechanical properties and weather resistance of PVC-U plastic windows and doors | In force | 2008-12-24 | 2009-10-01 |
| GB/T 34742-2017 | Specification for timber and wood-based panels for timber windows and doors | In force | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 |
| GB/T 27568-2011 | Rubber sealing strips for windows and doors of rail transit vehicles | In force | 2011-12-05 | 2012-05-01 |
Three points, all read straight off the register:
A search on 门窗 ("windows and doors") returns 52 records. Most are building windows. These are the ones that are not, and they are the reason a buyer should check a title rather than trust a hit:
Two further records are marked published but not yet effective on 4 October 2026 and will change what a specification should cite: GB/T 5825-2026 (opening and closing marking symbols for building windows, doors and curtain walls, effective 2026-12-01, superseding GB/T 5825-1986) and GB/T 47618-2026 above. Given that GB/T 5825-1986 is still recorded as in force, this is a live example of a 1986 number still governing while its replacement is already published and dated.
Listed plainly, because the gaps matter as much as the content:
⚠️ Query-scope disclosure. The counts above are title-search results. A standard whose official title does not contain the searched term is not counted, even if it governs the product — which is precisely why 执手, 滑撑, 撑挡 and 窗锁 return zero while window hardware plainly exists. The term sets overlap and must not be summed, and no total appears on this page. Queries returned complete sets for every term printed: reported totals and retrieved row counts match (52/52, 33/33, 18/18, 9/9, 4/4, 2/2, 2/2, 1/1). Industry standards (JG/T, QB/T and similar), local standards and enterprise standards are outside this register and were not searched. Only the twelve terms printed in the two tables above were queried.
⚠️ Translation. The source is a Chinese-language platform. The English renderings of standard titles on this page are this page's own translation; the Chinese original governs. Standard numbers (GB, GB/T) are given as the register prints them.
For the fitting family as a whole, GB/T 32223-2025 — building window-and-door hardware, general requirements — in force since 1 November 2025, replacing GB/T 32223-2015. For a complete operating system on an inward-opening tilt-turn window, GB/T 24601-2024, in force since 1 March 2025. For butt hinges specifically, GB/T 7276-1987, still in force. There is no per-fitting standard for handles, stays or window locks in the national register.
Because the register indexes them under other titles. A title search on 4 October 2026 returned zero records for each. That does not mean the products are unregulated or unavailable in China; it means there is no ready-made national-standard number to put beside "handle", "friction stay" or "window lock" on a specification, so the drawing, material and test method have to carry the requirement instead.
None under that name. 窗锁 returned zero records. What the register does hold is the window-level test method that covers the behaviour a lock is there to deliver — GB/T 41504-2022, resistance to abnormal opening of building exterior windows, doors and shutters, in force since 1 November 2022. The lock itself has to be specified by drawing, with GB/T 32223-2025 as the general conditions document for the hardware family.
No. The status and the official title both have to be checked. Two examples from this register: a datasheet citing "GB/T 32223" without a year may mean either the 2015 or the 2025 edition, which are different documents; and a supplier answering a hinge question with a 铰链 number may be quoting a furniture, cabinet, ladder or automotive standard, because that search returns nine records and none of them is a building window hinge.
Yes, and it comes in five versions by material — aluminium alloy (GB/T 8478-2020), plastic (GB/T 28886-2023), steel (GB/T 20909-2017), timber (GB/T 29498-2024) and system windows (GB/T 39529-2020). A hardware specification should name which of those the window is, because the companion performance documents and the test report the fabricator will cite follow from that choice.
All sources retrieved 4 October 2026. This page is an independent reading of the sources listed; the official pages themselves are the specification.
| Fact used on this page | Source |
|---|---|
| S1 — The entire standard register used on this page, retrieved 4 October 2026: for each of the twelve searched terms, the number of records whose official title contains it and their status split (建筑门窗五金件 2 = 1 in force + 1 superseded; 门窗五金件 2 = 1 + 1; 建筑五金 4 = 2 + 2; 合页 1 = 1 in force; 铰链 9 = 7 + 2; 门窗 52 = 38 + 11 + 3 published not yet effective; 建筑门窗 33 = 24 + 7 + 2; 窗用 18 = 9 + 7 + 2; 执手 0; 滑撑 0; 撑挡 0; 窗锁 0); and, for every standard named, its standard number, official Chinese title, national-standard nature (mandatory or recommended), status, publication date and effective date | Standardization Administration of China / State Administration for Market Regulation — National Standards Information Public Service Platform, standard search, Chinese (retrieved 2026-10-04) https://std.samr.gov.cn/ |
| S2 — The query used for S1 was run against the platform's standard search endpoint with each of the twelve Chinese terms above as the search text | Standardization Administration of China — National Standards Information Public Service Platform, search query endpoint (retrieved 2026-10-04) https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbQueryPage |