Last updated: 12 October 2026.
Quick answer. The register's spring search returns 140 records, but only 58 govern a spring. Two of those are pending and take effect in 2027. Nothing compulsory governs the spring itself — the single mandatory document in the family is a superseded furniture flammability test.
Why a search for springs returns washers, steel and paint tests, and which standard numbers a 2026 or 2027 order for a spring should name.
Every standard number, title, status, issue date and effective date on this page comes from the national standards register's title search, retrieved on 11 October 2026 and listed at the end. The register publishes titles and dates only, and the English titles here are this page's translations.
This is a register-reading page. It sets out what China's national standards register contains for springs, which of those records govern a spring you are buying and which are about something else that happens to carry the same word, and which standard numbers a buyer placing an order for 2026 or 2027 delivery should be naming.
It does not tell you which factory to use, it does not quote a price, a minimum order or a lead time, and it does not restate the technical content of any standard. The register publishes titles, numbers, dates and status; it does not publish the text, and neither does this page.
The register's title search is a string match. It does not know what a spring is. Searching the two Chinese characters for spring, 弹簧, returns 140 records, of which 82 are in force, 56 are superseded and 2 are pending.
Classifying all 140 by what their titles actually govern gives the split below. The grouping is ours, produced by a stated first-match rule over the returned titles, and it is the single most useful thing on this page:
| What the 140 records the term for "spring" returns actually govern | Records | In force | Superseded | Pending |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The spring itself: coil, disc and leaf springs, terminology, symbols, shot peening, residual stress, design and fatigue testing | 58 | 31 | 27 | 0 |
| Spring steel and spring wire, including the trapezoidal wire for spring washers | 22 | 7 | 15 | 0 |
| Spring washers, and the screw and bolt assemblies sold with them | 19 | 15 | 4 | 0 |
| Die springs: gas springs, rectangular-section and elastomer springs used inside press tooling | 12 | 9 | 1 | 2 |
| Finished products that merely contain a spring — a dial scale, a sofa, a watch case, a textile can, a paint scratch test | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Gas springs for furniture, vehicles and hatch covers | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| Spring-loaded safety valves and one cryogenic variant | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Spring collets — tool-holder chucking, not a spring | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Coil-winding and pocket-spring machines | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Rubber and air springs for rail and vehicle suspension | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
The bottom of that column is where the trap sits. A buyer who searches the word for spring and takes the list at face value spends well over half of it on something whose title contains the word and which is not the part. The nineteen washer records are fasteners — GB/T 93-2025 and GB/T 859-2025 are the standard and light helical spring washers, and nine of the nineteen are screw-and-washer combination assemblies such as the cross-recessed pan-head screw with spring washer and plain washer. That is a fastener family, and it is specified as one — see fasteners for where those live on this site.
The twelve records in the products block are the clearest illustration: a dial scale, a quartz spring gravimeter, an upholstered-furniture ignition-resistance test for spring mattresses and sofas, a paint scratch test named for the spring stylus it uses, a watch case whose title is about non-spring strap pins, a textile can's spring pallet, a hospitality-furniture serpentine spring, and the impact test that uses a spring hammer. Two of those are furniture tests; one is a paint test; one is an electrical-environment test. None of them is a spring.
This is the eighth time this site has documented the same behaviour in this register, after the conveyor-belt cord inside a wire-rope search, the surgical implants inside a forging search, the ceramic materials inside a nitriding search, the bricks inside a sintering search, and the hoists and film projectors inside a gear search. The rule is always the same: search the word, then read every title before trusting the list.
The spring family sits in a single title search. The register reported 140 records and all 140 were retrieved:
| Search term (Chinese) | English meaning | Records reported | Retrieved | In force | Superseded | Pending | Shortfall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 弹簧 | spring | 140 | 140 | 82 | 56 | 2 | 0 |
There is no shortfall on this term. That matters because a term that returns several hundred records is capped by the platform's paging limit, and the count you see is then not the count you read. Adjacent families on this site have been capped — one family reported 438 and returned 200. At 140, this one came back whole, so the split above is a complete count and not a sample.
Fifty-eight of the 140 records govern the spring itself. Inside that block the decision a drawing has to make is which coiling route the part is made by, because hot-coiled and cold-coiled springs sit under different standard numbers.
| Standard | What its title says it covers | Effective |
|---|---|---|
| GB/T 1239.1-2009 | Cold-coiled cylindrical helical springs — technical conditions, Part 1: extension springs | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 1239.2-2009 | Part 2: compression springs | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 1239.3-2009 | Part 3: torsion springs | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 23934-2015 | Hot-coiled cylindrical helical compression springs — technical conditions | 2016-07-01 |
| GB/T 30817-2014 | Cold-coiled conical helical springs — technical conditions | 2014-12-31 |
| GB/T 13828-2009 | Stranded-wire cylindrical helical springs | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 1358-2009 | Cylindrical helical springs — dimensional series | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 2088-2009 | Ordinary cylindrical helical extension springs — dimensions and parameters | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 2089-2009 | Ordinary cylindrical helical compression springs — dimensions and parameters (ends closed, ground or flattened) | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 23935-2009 | Cylindrical helical springs — design calculation | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 1805-2021 | Springs — terminology | 2022-05-01 |
| GB/T 43074-2023 | Springs — symbols | 2023-09-07 |
| GB/T 4459.4-2003 | Mechanical drawings — representation of springs | 2003-12-01 |
Our reading. Almost the whole cold-coiled and compression layer is a single 2009 restatement: GB/T 1239.1, .2, .3, GB/T 1358, GB/T 2088, GB/T 2089, GB/T 13828 and GB/T 23935 all carry an effective date of 1 November 2009, and the 1989 and 1990 editions they replace are still in the register as superseded records. A drawing that cites the spring series by series number alone therefore has to be checked against the year, because both the current and the replaced year are searchable and only one of them governs the order.
The hot-coiled route has exactly one technical-conditions standard — GB/T 23934-2015 — and it superseded a 2009 edition. The small-spring layer is where the newest material sits, and it is split between dimensions and measurement:
| Standard | What its title says it covers | Issued | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 1973.1-2021 | Small cylindrical helical springs, Part 1: technical conditions | 2021-08-20 | 2022-03-01 |
| GB/T 1973.2-2025 | Part 2: dimensions and parameters, extension springs | 2025-08-29 | 2026-03-01 |
| GB/T 1973.3-2025 | Part 3: dimensions and parameters, compression springs | 2025-08-29 | 2026-03-01 |
| GB/T 45870.1-2025 | Springs — measurement and test parameters, Part 1: cold-formed cylindrical helical compression springs | 2025-08-01 | 2025-11-01 |
| GB/T 45870.2-2025 | Part 2: cold-formed cylindrical helical extension springs | 2025-08-29 | 2025-08-29 |
| GB/T 45870.3-2026 | Part 3: cold-formed cylindrical helical torsion springs | 2026-04-30 | 2026-08-01 |
Our reading. The 45870 series is new and it is a measurement series, not a technical-conditions series: it fixes the parameters you measure and test, and it is being completed one part per year. Two of its three parts carry 2025 or 2026 issue dates, and the third took effect on 1 August 2026 — inside the window most buyers reading this page are specifying into. A specification written against the 2009 technical-conditions layer and no measurement part has not said how the spring will be accepted.
Disc springs are one of the few families here that were rewritten as a proper series rather than as single documents.
| Standard | What its title says it covers | Effective |
|---|---|---|
| GB/T 1972.1-2023 | Disc springs, Part 1: calculation | 2023-12-01 |
| GB/T 1972.2-2023 | Part 2: technical conditions | 2023-12-01 |
| GB/T 19844-2018 | Leaf springs — technical conditions | 2019-04-01 |
| GB/T 23925-2009 | Leaf springs for three-wheeled vehicles and low-speed goods vehicles | 2010-01-01 |
| GB/T 39519-2020 | High-stress cylindrical helical compression springs for hydraulic components — technical conditions | 2021-06-01 |
| GB/T 34624-2017 | Springs for hermetic motor-compressors — technical conditions | 2018-05-01 |
| GB/T 2940-2025 | Springs for fuel-injection pumps, governors and injectors of diesel engines — technical specification | 2025-08-29 |
| GB/T 31214.1-2014 | Springs — shot peening, Part 1: general rules | 2015-06-01 |
| GB/T 31214.2-2021 | Part 2: technical requirements and testing for cut steel wire shot | 2022-03-01 |
| GB/T 16947-2009 | Fatigue test specification for helical springs | 2009-11-01 |
| GB/T 39520-2020 | X-ray diffraction test method for residual stress in springs | 2021-06-01 |
| GB/T 40314-2021 | Corrosion of metals and alloys — crevice-corrosion configuration using disc-spring specimens for stainless-steel plate or tubular specimens | 2022-03-01 |
Our reading. The disc-spring pair and the diesel-injection revision are the two that will most often be mis-cited. GB/T 1972-2005 and GB/T 1972-1992 are both sitting in the register as superseded, and neither is the current disc-spring specification; the current one is the two-part 1972.1/1972.2 of 2023. On the diesel side, GB/T 2940-2025 is in force from the day it was issued, and the 1982 and 2005 editions are both superseded — a three-generation gap that a long-running drawing can easily still be written against.
Note also that shot peening, fatigue testing and residual-stress measurement are separate support standards rather than clauses inside the coil-spring documents. If your drawing calls for peening, the peening standard is the place the process requirement lives.
| Standard | What its title says it covers | Effective |
|---|---|---|
| GB/T 1222-2025 | Spring steels | 2026-05-01 |
| GB/T 3279-2023 | Hot-rolled steel plate and strip for springs | 2023-10-01 |
| GB/T 4357-2022 | Cold-drawn carbon spring steel wire | 2022-10-01 |
| GB/T 24588-2019 | Stainless spring steel wire | 2020-03-01 |
| GB/T 18983-2017 | Quenched-and-tempered spring steel wire | 2018-07-01 |
| GB/T 33954-2017 | Hot-rolled wire rod for quenched-and-tempered spring steel wire | 2018-04-01 |
| GB/T 33975-2017 | Hot-rolled wire rod in spring steel for high-speed-railway fasteners | 2018-04-01 |
| GB/T 4231-1993 | Cold-rolled stainless-steel strip for springs | superseded |
| GB/T 5222-1985 | Trapezoidal steel wire for spring washers | superseded |
Our reading. The base steel specification was reissued in 2025 with an effective date of 1 May 2026, which makes it the newest thing in the material layer and the one most likely to differ from what an existing drawing names — the wider picture for material grades is on materials. GB/T 1222-2016, -2007 and -1984 are all still searchable and all superseded. This is also the layer with the heaviest turnover on the page: fifteen of the twenty-two records are superseded, against seven in force.
Both pending records in the whole family are die springs, and both take effect in 2027:
| Standard | What its title says it covers | Issued | Effective |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB/T 36524-2026 | Press tools — rectangular-section compression springs: mounting dimensions and colour identification | 2026-09-28 | 2027-04-01 |
| GB/T 47766-2026 | Press tools — ejector pins with steel helical compression springs or gas springs | 2026-07-02 | 2027-02-01 |
Our reading. A 2027 order for press-tool springs is being placed against two documents that are issued but not yet in force, so both the outgoing edition and the incoming one are live objects for the next few months. GB/T 36524-2018 is the current edition of the first, and both it and the 2026 edition are in the register at the same time.
Across all 140 records, exactly one is a mandatory national standard rather than a recommended one, and it is not about a spring:
| Standard | Nature | Status | What its title says it covers |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB 17927-1999 | Mandatory | Superseded | Upholstered furniture — assessment of the ignition resistance of spring mattresses and sofas |
Our reading. The other 139 records are recommended standards. That is the same shape this site has found in the gear family, the forging family and the powder-metallurgy family, and it has a practical consequence for a buyer: there is no compulsory Chinese national standard that a spring has to satisfy in order to be made, sold or shipped. Conformity is a contract question. What you can do is name the standard you want in the purchase order, which is what the next section is for.
Our reading, from the register alone:
This page is a reading of register titles and dates, not an interpretation of any standard's technical content, and it is not legal or engineering advice. The register is the authority for what is current; confirm the status of any number directly before you write it into a contract.
Related on this site: heat treatment for the processes a spring wire is usually given before coiling, and tolerances for how a drawing states the dimensional acceptance the measurement series above assumes.
For cold-coiled cylindrical helical compression springs, GB/T 1239.2-2009 is the technical-conditions standard and GB/T 2089-2009 covers dimensions and parameters for the ordinary type with ends closed and ground or flattened. For hot-coiled compression springs the technical-conditions standard is GB/T 23934-2015. For small cylindrical helical springs, GB/T 1973.1-2021 covers technical conditions and GB/T 1973.3-2025 the compression-spring dimensions and parameters.
Within the 140 records the register's spring search returns, exactly one is a mandatory standard: GB 17927-1999, which is an upholstered-furniture ignition-resistance test for spring mattresses and sofas, and it is superseded. The other 139 are recommended. No mandatory national standard in this family governs the spring itself, so conformity is normally settled by the purchase order.
The register's search is a string match on the title, so it returns every record whose title contains the characters for spring. In this family that is 19 spring-washer and screw-assembly records, 22 spring-steel and spring-wire records, 12 die-spring records, 12 finished products that merely contain a spring, 7 gas springs, 4 spring-loaded safety valves and a handful of tooling and machines. Only 58 of the 140 govern a spring.
Two records in the family are issued but not yet in force, and both are press-tool die springs: GB/T 36524-2026 on rectangular-section compression springs, effective 1 April 2027, and GB/T 47766-2026 on ejector pins with steel helical or gas springs, effective 1 February 2027. GB/T 36524-2018 is the current edition of the first of those.
All sources retrieved 11 October 2026. This page is an independent reading of the sources listed; the official pages themselves are the specification.
| Fact used on this page | Source |
|---|---|
| S1 — The spring term reports 140 records with 140 retrieved, 82 in force, 56 superseded and 2 pending; the codes, titles, nature, state, issue dates and effective dates of all 140 records, including GB/T 1239.1/.2/.3-2009, GB/T 23934-2015, GB/T 30817-2014, GB/T 1358-2009, GB/T 2088-2009, GB/T 2089-2009, GB/T 23935-2009, GB/T 13828-2009, GB/T 1973.1-2021, GB/T 1973.2-2025, GB/T 1973.3-2025, GB/T 45870.1-2025, GB/T 45870.2-2025, GB/T 45870.3-2026, GB/T 1972.1-2023, GB/T 1972.2-2023, GB/T 19844-2018, GB/T 23925-2009, GB/T 39519-2020, GB/T 34624-2017, GB/T 2940-2025, GB/T 31214.1-2014, GB/T 31214.2-2021, GB/T 16947-2009, GB/T 39520-2020, GB/T 40314-2021, GB/T 1805-2021, GB/T 43074-2023, GB/T 4459.4-2003, GB/T 1222-2025, GB/T 3279-2023, GB/T 4357-2022, GB/T 24588-2019, GB/T 18983-2017, GB/T 33954-2017, GB/T 33975-2017, GB/T 4231-1993, GB/T 5222-1985, GB/T 93-2025, GB/T 859-2025, GB/T 36524-2026, GB/T 47766-2026 and GB 17927-1999, with the states, nature and dates cited above | National standards register, title search for the Chinese term for spring (retrieved 2026-10-11) https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbQueryPage |
| S2 — The stated first-match grouping of the 140 returned titles into the ten categories and the counts shown for each category | This page's own classification of the 140 register titles retrieved from the source above; the rule is stated in the text and is not a register output https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbQueryPage |